3 hour drug and alcohol class
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Additional symptoms may occur.Įthanol is typically consumed as a recreational substance by mouth in the form of alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits. 5.1.3 List of known actions in the central nervous system.5.1.2 Relationship between concentrations and effects.5.1.1 Rewarding and reinforcing actions.2.2.2 Central nervous system impairment.While some religions, including Islam, prohibit alcohol consumption, other religions, such as Christianity and Shinto, utilize alcohol in sacrament and libation. Alcohol remains illegal for sale and consumption in a number of countries, mainly in the Middle East. It is related to various societal problems, including drunk driving, accidental injuries, sexual assaults, domestic abuse, and violent crime. Alcohol is unique in that it is the only drug that damages others more than the user.
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Drinking establishments, such as bars and nightclubs, revolve primarily around the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, and parties, festivals, and social gatherings commonly involve alcohol consumption. Alcohol has considerable societal and cultural significance and has important social roles in much of the world. However, there are often restrictions on alcohol sale and use, for instance a minimum age for drinking and laws against public drinking and drinking and driving. Drinking alcohol is generally socially acceptable and is legal in most countries, unlike with many other recreational substances. Īlcohol has been produced and consumed by humans for its psychoactive effects for almost 10,000 years. Alcohol also has toxic and unpleasant actions in the body, many of which are mediated by its byproduct acetaldehyde. The pleasurable effects of alcohol ingestion are the result of increased levels of dopamine and endogenous opioids in the reward pathways of the brain. The substance also directly affects a number of other neurotransmitter systems including those of glutamate, glycine, acetylcholine, and serotonin. This is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and by facilitating its actions, alcohol suppresses the activity of the central nervous system. In high amounts, alcohol may cause loss of consciousness or, in severe cases, death.Īlcohol works in the brain primarily by increasing the effects of a neurotransmitter called γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. However, some of them, such as increased risk of certain cancers, may occur even with light or moderate alcohol consumption. The adverse effects of alcohol on health are most important when it is used in excessive quantities or with heavy frequency.
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It can have a variety of long-term adverse effects on health, for instance liver damage, brain damage, and its consumption is the fifth leading cause of cancer. Alcohol is addictive to humans, and can result in alcohol use disorder, dependence and withdrawal. Short-term adverse effects include generalized impairment of neurocognitive function, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and hangover-like symptoms. Methanol, being profoundly more toxic than ethanol, is lethal in quantities as small as 10–15 milliliters (2–3 tsp).Īlcohol has a variety of short-term and long-term adverse effects. A mild, brief exposure to isopropanol, being only moderately more toxic than ethanol, is unlikely to cause any serious harm. Ethanol is only one of several types of alcohol, but it is the only type of alcohol that is found in alcoholic beverages or commonly used for recreational purposes other alcohols such as methanol and isopropyl alcohol are significantly more toxic. Among other effects, alcohol produces happiness and euphoria, decreased anxiety, increased sociability, sedation, impairment of cognitive, memory, motor, and sensory function, and generalized depression of central nervous system function. It is one of the oldest and most common recreational substances, causing the characteristic effects of alcohol intoxication ("drunkenness"). Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive drug that is the active ingredient in drinks such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).